Beta-thalassemia subtypes include Minor, Intermedia, and Major. Which statement is accurate?

• A. Minor
• B. Intermedia
• C. All of the Above
• D. Major

Answer: (C)

Beta-thalassemia exists on a spectrum from mild carrier states to severe disease, and all three forms described—Minor, Intermedia, and Major—are recognized subtypes. In the minor form (beta-thalassemia trait), individuals usually have mild or no symptoms with a small degree of microcytic anemia and are often asymptomatic carriers. The intermedia form presents with more significant anemia and a variable course, sometimes needing transfusions only intermittently. Major, or Cooley anemia, is the severe form typically seen in homozygous mutations, presenting in infancy with pronounced anemia, bone changes from marrow expansion, and a need for regular transfusions. Because each of these represent a distinct clinical presentation within the beta-thalassemia spectrum, the statement that includes all of them is accurate.