Congenital rubella syndrome includes which of the following?

• A. Sensorineural deafness, cataracts, blueberry muffin rash, and heart defects
• B. Hearing loss due to otitis media
• C. Blindness exclusively
• D. Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer: (A)

Congenital rubella syndrome happens when rubella infection occurs during pregnancy and disrupts fetal development across multiple organs. The classic pattern includes sensorineural deafness, cataracts, a blueberry muffin rash from extramedullary hematopoiesis, and heart defects such as patent ductus arteriosus. This combination reflects rubella’s impact on the developing ears, eyes, heart, and skin. Hearing loss in rubella is typically sensorineural rather than due to otitis media, and while cataracts can impair vision, blindness isn’t the exclusive outcome. Respiratory distress syndrome isn’t a hallmark of this syndrome. Together, these features fit congenital rubella syndrome best.