For CF lung disease, what is considered a definitive intervention?

• A. Bronchodilators
• B. Lung transplant
• C. Pancreatic enzyme replacement
• D. Regular chest X‑ray surveillance

Answer: (B)

Lung transplantation is the definitive intervention for advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease. When the lungs fail severely despite optimal supportive care, replacing the diseased lungs with donor lungs offers the best chance to restore pulmonary function, improve quality of life, and extend survival in carefully selected patients. The other options provide important supportive or diagnostic roles but do not address the underlying lung failure: bronchodilators help symptoms, pancreatic enzyme replacement tackles malabsorption, and regular chest X-ray surveillance is for monitoring disease. Transplantation, while not a cure and with significant risks and ongoing needs (immunosuppression, potential rejection, donor availability), remains the only intervention that can fundamentally alter the trajectory of lung disease in CF.