Gingival hyperplasia is best described as which of the following?

• A. Overgrowth of the gum tissue
• B. Tooth decay
• C. Gum recession only
• D. Discoloration of enamel

Answer: (A)

Gingival hyperplasia is an abnormal overgrowth of the gum tissue. It can be localized or widespread and may result from chronic plaque–induced inflammation, hormonal changes, or certain medications (for example, some antiepileptics, immunosuppressants, or calcium channel blockers). The gum tissue may appear swollen and fibrous, sometimes covering part of the tooth crowns, which can hinder brushing and flossing and affect appearance.

This description fits because the term specifically refers to an increase in the size of the gums. The other options describe different dental issues: tooth decay is loss of tooth structure from caries; gum recession is the inward pulling back of the gum line; and enamel discoloration refers to changes in tooth color, not gum tissue size.