Plummer-Vinson syndrome is associated with iron deficiency anemia and presents with which combination of features?

• A. Polydipsia and polyuria
• B. Jaundice and hepatomegaly
• C. Bleeding diathesis and bruising
• D. Koilonychia, glossitis, and esophageal webs causing dysphagia

Answer: (D)

Plummer-Vinson syndrome centers on iron deficiency causing mucosal changes and a mechanical barrier in the esophagus. The hallmark nails become spoon-shaped (koilonychia) and the tongue develops a smooth, atrophic, often painful glossitis due to iron deficiency. In addition, webs or thin membranes can form in the upper esophagus, leading to dysphagia, especially for solids. Seeing these three features together—in iron-deficiency context—fits the condition best: koilonychia, glossitis, and esophageal webs causing dysphagia.

Other options describe conditions that don’t fit this syndrome: polydipsia and polyuria point to diabetes, jaundice and hepatomegaly suggest liver disease, and bleeding diathesis with bruising implies a coagulation problem. Treatment revolves around iron repletion, and persistent webs may require dilation if dysphagia continues.