Thalassemias are inherited disorders causing reduced production of hemoglobin.

• A. They Cause Decreased Hemoglobin Production
• B. They Lead to Increased White Blood Cells
• C. They Are Caused by Iron Overload
• D. They Are Acquired Later in Life

Answer: (A)

Thalassemias are inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis, caused by mutations that reduce the production of one type of globin chain. Because these chains are in short supply, overall hemoglobin production falls, leading to a decrease in hemoglobin content within red blood cells. This typically presents as a microcytic, hypochromic anemia with low hemoglobin levels. The condition is genetic and usually evident from birth or early life, not something acquired later. Iron overload is not the cause of thalassemia; it can occur as a complication from repeated transfusions in severe cases, but it does not explain the primary defect. Increased white blood cells aren’t a defining feature. Thus, the statement about decreased hemoglobin production accurately reflects the core issue.