What is a potential adverse effect of diuretic therapy?

• A. Hyperglycemia
• B. Weight gain
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Dehydration

Answer: (D)

Diuretics increase urine production to remove salt and water from the body, which lowers the circulating fluid volume. If fluid intake doesn’t keep up with this loss, dehydration can occur. This is especially likely with higher doses, in older adults, or when there are other factors causing fluid loss. Dehydration shows up as dry mouth, reduced skin turgor, dizziness or lightheadedness, and sometimes orthostatic hypotension. While some diuretics can contribute to other issues like glucose intolerance or electrolyte disturbances, dehydration is the most direct and common adverse effect due to the intentional fluid loss from diuretic therapy.