When managing pediculosis capitis, which statement is most accurate?

• A. Isolation of the patient is sufficient
• B. Treat the entire household to prevent reinfestation
• C. No treatment for contacts if asymptomatic
• D. Vaccination is required

Answer: (B)

Head lice spread mainly through close head-to-head contact and sharing items, so effective management focuses on the whole household to prevent reinfestation. Treating the entire household addresses the transmission reservoir; even if the patient is treated, others who are infested or carry nits can reintroduce lice after the initial treatment. There is no vaccine for lice, and isolation isn’t required or protective because transmission occurs through normal social contact and shared items. Asymptomatic contacts may still harbor lice, so evaluating and treating household members who are infested or have had close contact helps stop spread. In practice, treat everyone who is infested, decontaminate clothing and personal items, and consider a second treatment after 7–10 days to address newly hatched lice.