Which finding on physical examination is commonly associated with ovarian cancer?

• A. Painless mass on physical exam
• B. Frequent urination
• C. Severe abdominal cramping
• D. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

Answer: (A)

A painless palpable adnexal mass detected during pelvic or abdominal examination is the finding most commonly associated with ovarian cancer. Ovarian tumors often grow quietly and may present as a new, non-tender mass that can be felt arising from the ovary, sometimes large enough to cause abdominal distension. This contrasts with other gynecologic issues that tend to produce symptoms or signs like bleeding, severe cramping, or urinary frequency; those are not typical exam findings for ovarian cancer. In advanced disease, the mass may become less mobile or associated with ascites, but the hallmark on exam remains a painless adnexal mass.