Which symptom is a hallmark of Sjogren syndrome?

• A. Xerostomia
• B. Polyarthritis
• C. Photosensitivity
• D. Myopathy

Answer: (A)

Sjogren syndrome is driven by autoimmune attack on exocrine glands, especially the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dryness of mucosal surfaces. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is the classic sign because it directly reflects reduced saliva production from salivary gland destruction. This dryness can cause trouble chewing, swallowing dry foods, speaking, and leads to dental caries and oral infections. Many patients also develop dry eyes from lacrimal gland involvement, but the dry mouth is the most characteristic symptom that defines the condition.

Other features like arthritis can occur as part of Sjogren, but they are not the defining hallmark. Photosensitivity is more typical of lupus and is not specific to Sjogren.